Out of Africa Theory Essay

The Out of Africa Theory is a widely renown theory describing the origin of the human race and their early dispersal throughout the world. According to this theory, humans have a monogensis, or a single and common origin; Africa. The concept was first introduced in 1871 by Charles Darwin but was deliberated for years until further studies of mitochondrial DNA and evidence †based on physical anthropology of archaic specimens† was added. During the early 19th century, scientists, archeologist and other scholars, speculated, studied and disagreed about the development of humans and our origins. Some experts theorized that humans are monogenism and developed into various varieties of species. Others argue that we are a polygenism mammal and that we either had separate development of various human species or developed as separate species through †transmutation† of apes. It was until the year 1871 when one of the first theories had been proposed openly. During that year, Charles Darwin published the book †Descent of Man†, in which he suggested that all humans were descendant from early humans who lived in Africa based on his studies of the behavior of African apes. In his book, Charles Darwin concluded, †In each great region of the world the living mammals are closely related to the extinct species of the same region. It is, therefore, probable that Africa was formerly inhabited by extinct apes closely allied to the gorilla and chimpanzee; and as these two species are now man’s nearest allies, it is somewhat more probable that our early progenitors lived on the African continent than elsewhere. But it is useless to speculate on this subject, for an ape nearly as large as a man, namely the Drypithecus of Lartet, which was closely allied to the anthropomorphous Hylobates, existed in Europe during the Upper Miocene period; and since so remote a period the earth has certainly undergone many great revolutions, and there has been ample time for migration on the largest scale. † Unfortunately, it wasn’t until 50 years later when other scholars began to support Charles Darwin’s theory when an sufficient number of fossils of early humans in several areas of Africa was found. During the 1980s, three specialists, Allan Wilson, Rebecca Cann and Mark Stoneking, worked together on another theory that supports Charles Darwin’s speculation, the â€Å"Mitochondrial Eve† hypothesis. In these tests, the scientists solemnly focused on mitochondrial DNA, human genes that lay within the cell and are passed from mother to child. These genes allow mutation, as they mutate quickly for adaptation, thus allowing those studying to find and track changes during short time periods. By focusing on these genes and comparing their differences, the three scientists were able to create a hypothesis about the time and place when modern humans began to evolve. According to their findings, they believe that modern humans are decentants from a single population, while earlier humans e. g. Neandertals and Homo erectus, had become extinct. Furthermore, the team compared the DNA of numerous people of differerent ethnic backgrounds and concluded that all humans did indeed evolve from ‘one mother’ in Africa about 150,000 years ago. According to physical evidence, and theories, scholars have concluded upon a whole hypothesis. Based on their knowledge and belief, modern humans diverged from Homo sapiens between 200,000 and 150,000 years ago specifically in Africa, that between 125,000 and 60,000 years ago members of Homo sapiens left Africa, and that these humans species gradually replaced earlier human populations. East Africa has been the single and specific orgin of the human race that most scientists have conluded on. There are still speculations and debates on whether there had been one single dissolution or several. Due to genetic, linguisitc and archaeological findings, the Southern Dispersal theory, a theory in which included several exodus, has become the most favorable theory, however many researchers are gradually considering the first and original haven was Northern Africa. Scientists believe the population of early humans had been around 2,000 to 5,000 while they persisted in Africa, and only small groups of persumably 150 to 1,000 migrated out towards the Red Sea. These few individuals went out to expand and eventually populate the rest of the world. For example, one theory suggests that those who traveled along the southern coastline of Asia ultimately crossed the sea and colonized in Australia about 50,000 years ago. Other researchers believe and have proposed to a multiple dispersal theory in which states that there had been two major migrations out of Africa. According to this speculation, one group crossed the Red Sea and traveled along the coastline until reaching India. The other, meanwhile, migrated north, following the Nile River, and crossed into Asia through the Sinai. From there, several members dispersed in various directions, some headed towards Europe while other went east into Asia. It is unclear, however, if Homo sapiens migrated to North America 30,000 years ago, or later around 14,000 years ago. From there on, Homo sapiens gradually and continiously migrated and settled on to every continent, except Antartica, and gradually began to increase and populate the world.

Critical Analysis of a Child’s Reading Essay

Reading is an essential skill in modern society. Not only does it enable people to access information, it provides people with a great deal of pleasure. It is vital that primary schools equip children with effective strategies for reading as well as foster a desire to read that will stay with them throughout their lives. This analysis of reading will firstly give a brief outline of the context of my school placement. It will analyse two pupils as readers and their strategies. The school’s policy indicates that the context of teaching reading is very important – suggesting a variety of text styles. English & Williamson (2005) inform us that the introduction of the National Literacy Strategy (DfES 2001) broadened the range of texts children are introduced to at primary level. The school is superbly resourced, with thousands of books available to all pupils. Silent reading is also practised daily. X Primary is a larger than average three-form entry primary school with 472 pupils. It’s in an area of average to high socio-economic status and the majority of pupils are from White British backgrounds with few pupils who speak English as an additional language. The number of pupils with learning difficulties is below average. (Ofsted 2010). Below is an analysis of a child’s reading. I will focus on analysing the child’s mistakes in reading, called miscues (Hall, 2003) to gain information of the child as a reader. See more: how to write a critical analysis outline Pupil A was chosen for assessment as he enjoys reading and is a strong reader. He has had several school moves due to family issues, and has received intervention and support throughout his time at Primary X due to his level of absence. He is eager to learn, and was keen to read for me. The assessment involved analysing his word recognition and comprehension skills. This provides an opportunity to understand how Pupil A as a fairly fluent reader may process a text. The text which was read by Pupil A was chosen as it was unknown to him. It was also chosen as a text that was suitable for his level of reading. Many of Pupil A’s miscues take place in the form of substitution. These miscues often relate to his syntactic knowledge. He reads ‘a’ instead of ‘one’ (line 3) and ‘but’ instead of ‘and’ (line 8). He also produces the miscue ‘even’ (line 9) as an insertion. These miscues suggest that he is making predictions about a text using his syntactic knowledge. This suggests that Pupil A brings his own knowledge to a text which causes him to make ‘predictions’ (Smith cited in Hall, 2003), resulting in a miscue. This suggests that Pupil A uses his syntactic knowledge to obtain meaning in what he reads (Hall, 2003). This miscue can also alter the meaning of the text which may affect his understanding. Pupil A makes the same miscue when he substitutes ‘for’ for ‘from’ (Page 2 line 1). He self corrects and asks for reassurance in his correction. Pupil A also corrects himself on the word ‘quickly’ (Pg 3 line 3). This self-correction reveals that he uses syntactic knowledge to process the text, but also that the text Pupil A sees is different from the text on the page (Goodman cited in Hall, 2003). Goodman suggests that there are two texts in question when reading takes place, being the actual text, and the perceived text. Pupil A demonstrated a comprehensive understanding of the text. He demonstrated an understanding for the organisation of the text and recalled events of the story. Pupil A demonstrated an ability to infer from the text and evaluate it. When questioned, he was able to express that he liked the text and expressed why. He demonstrated emotional or psychological response to the text and characters feelings. This suggests that Pupil A engaged with the text and was interested in the plot. In conclusion Pupil A demonstrates a clear ability to read fluently and uses different strategies for decoding words. His ability to decode unknown words could be extended by knowledge of consonant digraphs. Pupil A shows an ability to understand a text on a literal level, as well as engaging in a text by making inferences and evaluating a text. We could improve this motivation to read by encouraging Pupil A to read regularly for pleasure. Pupil B was chosen as although she receives literacy support, she does not enjoy reading. She has accessed literacy support since starting at Primary school in Year 3 and has made considerable progress and is able to read certain texts independently however she also shows little interest in reading for pleasure. She is willing to read with me, as she is used to reading with adults, in a 1-1 situation, and is comfortable with me as I have been in her class for several weeks. She is reluctant to pick a book she in unfamiliar with and cannot think of a favourite author/book when questioned. Pupil B begins well, with her decoding strategies revealing her processing of a text but also her phonic knowledge. She reads the word ‘spider lings’ (line 8) correctly, by segmenting the word in her head first. She then blends ‘ling’ quietly, to herself, and then asks for reassurance to put both words together. This is because this is an unusual, unknown word, and Pupil B is unfamiliar with the term. She stumbles over the word ‘different’ (line9). She did not segment the word out loud and so it is difficult to determine which strategy she used to decode the word. Nevertheless, it is possible that Pupil B may have used one of two strategies. For the first strategy, it’s possible that she segmented and blended the word in silently. This suggests that Pupil B is confident in segmenting and blending. For the second strategy, Pupil B may have used her graphophonic knowledge to decode the word. Therefore it is possible that she recognised the word from previous reading exercises. She demonstrates her grapheme-phoneme correspondence knowledge in her unsuccessful attempt to decode the word ‘notice’ (line 10). She fell silent which suggests she attempted to segment the word in her head. However, Pupil B finds this strategy unsuccessful and then chooses to segment the word out loud Pupil B often falls silent throughout the exercise, and waits for a prompt. I feel this is due to her lack of confidence rather than lack of knowledge. Pupil B demonstrates her grapheme and phonemic knowledge (Hall, 2003) by successfully sounding out the first syllable of the word ‘children’ (line11). She was unable to sound out the second syllable. This suggests that she struggled to sound out a particular grapheme. It’s possible that Pupil B was unfamiliar with the consonant digraph ‘il’. However, Pupil B demonstrates a fluency in reading which may suggest that she uses sight reading as a strategy (Ehri cited in Hall, 2003) to process a text. Erhi (cited in Hall, 2003) suggests that readers find new ways of identifying words. Finding new methods to identify a word can help a reader to become a more fluent in reading. My reading assessment can provide an insight to how a reader may process a text (Ellis & Lewis, 2006 but it’s only an insight. I cannot be certain that the suggested reading strategy is the method used. The child’s responses is dependent on the text. Another influence could be the text’s difficulty. Too difficult a text may cause them to make miscues and create an unfair representation of the reader (Campbell, 2011). A reader’s inability to engage in the text may be because the reader is not interested in the text. To remedy this, it would be useful to find out what books the reader prefers. Another strategy for developing reading is shared reading which provides opportunities for children to peer assess. Iversen & Reeder (1998) suggest that this allows children to actively participate when they feel comfortable. This is useful when children haven’t developed full confidence in their own reading ability, it provides a ‘safe’ structure encouraging contribution. This would be beneficial if both pupils could work together as Pupil A may help Pupil B become more engaged with the text. After analysing both Pupil A and Pupil B, I was surprised at how both pupils used similar techniques, however they were different when reading aloud. I felt there was a gap in understanding and intonation from both pupils, despite being close in age, and both receiving support. I believe another difference was the pupils was desire to read, with Pupil A keen to read books, demonstrating a clear opinion on authors or genre, however Pupil B was reluctant to name a book she’d read, and didn’t have a favourite author/style. I believe this lack of enthusiasm for reading will hinder her development, regardless of support put in. In conclusion, both pupils show an understanding and varying strategies to break down a text, however the major difference seems to be their attitude towards reading itself. References EDP 4120 Assessing Reading Riley, J & Reedy, D. (2000) Developing writing for different purposes: teaching about genre in the early years. Paul Chapman Publishing, London. Iversen, S. & Reeder, T. (1998) Organising for a Literacy Hour, London: Kingscourt Publishing. Hall, K 2003 Listening to Stephen Read: Multiple perspectives on Literacy Buckingham: Open University English, E. and Williamson, J. (2005) Meeting the Standards in Primary English. Routledge Falmer. DfES. (2006) The Primary Framework for literacy and mathematics, London: Department for Education and Skills. DfES. (2006) The Primary Framework for literacy and mathematics: Core position papers underpinning the renewal of guidance for teaching literacy and mathematics, London: Department for Education and Skills. DfEE. (1999) The National Curriculum: Handbook for primary teachers in England, London: Department for Education and Employment. Ofsted 2010 Campbell, R 2011 Miscue Analysis in the Classroom Leicester: UKLA

The Normal Pathways How Glycogen Made and Broke Down Essay

The Normal Pathways How Glycogen Made and Broke Down - Essay Example Glycogen synthesis which is also known as glycogenesis involves the addition of glucose molecules onto glycogen for the storage purposes. The process takes place in the liver, from where the activation is done by insulin, the hormone responsible for lowering blood sugar levels, in instances of high glucose levels. The process is a two-step process involving various enzymes that play significant roles in catalyzing the process. The first step in glycogen synthesis is the process involving phosphorylation of glucose to form glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). The process is a phosphorylation process and is acted upon by an enzyme named hexokinase or glucokinase. This involves the addition of a phosphate molecule onto the glucose on the sixth carbon atom resulting into the formation of Glucose-6-Phospahete (Hers, 1970). From the action of Phosphoglucomutase enzyme on Glucose-6-Phospahte, an intermediary of glucose-1, 6-bisphosphate is formed, but this is usually temporary, after which it is late r converted to glucose-1-phosphate. The phosphoglucomutase enzyme involved in the above reaction, acts to transfer the phosphate group to and from the alpha 1 carbon to the alpha 6 carbon glucose molecule respectively. The formed glucose-1-phosphate then undergoes certain chain of intermediate reactions that change it to Uridyl Diphosphate-glucose complex (UDP-glucose complex). This happens in the presence of Uridyl Triphosphate, in which one molecule of phosphate is released to form pyrophosphate. The process resulting into the formation of the UDP-glucose complex usually occurs as a result of the action of Uridyl Transferase which in certain cases is called UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. At this point, through the activation by insulin, glycogen synthase gets grip of the glucose molecule from the complex and attaches it to glycogen, the form in which it is stored (Halse, 2000). In the glycogen synthase catalyzed reaction, the carbon number 1 of Uridyl Diphosphate-glucose complex a ttaches to the carbon number 4 of the non-reducing end of the glycogen chain, from where the glucose molecule from the Uridyl Diphosphate-glucose complex to attach it to the glycogen chain. This process is considered to be genetically stable as during the reaction, the Uridyl triphosphate is converted to Uridyl Diphosphate, thereby releasing energy in the form of UTP (Hers, 1970). The whole process is considered reversible as in instances, in which the body’s glucose levels go down, the body is able to initiate the breakdown of glycogen molecules to form glucose through the process of glycogen metabolism. Glycogen metabolism and synthesis are considered to be regulatory processes in the body for creation of a balance in the body’s blood glucose levels (Newgard, 1989). After intake of meals heavy in glucose, the blood glucose levels rise, a stimulating factor to glycogen synthesis in the liver. This would then result into the conversion of the glucose molecules to glyco gen molecules which are then stored for future use. The reverse is also true in instances in which blood glucose levels go down. The body is again able to activate the breakdown of glycogen to form glucose. Regulation and control of glycogen synthesis is an almost similar to the aspects discussed above, only that in this perspective, in-depth analysis is established. Three hormones play a substantive role in ensuring that control and balances are

Paul's Letters on Christ's Death Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Paul's Letters on Christ's Death - Essay Example (New American Bible, p. 300). While the nucleus of the community was Jewish, Paul’s affinity with the Greek-Roman culture would contribute to his success in converting gentiles to the new religious faith. (Jerusalem Bible, p. 251). In time, this Christian community would be recognized as being the first Christian community in Europe. (New American Bible, p. 300). At this instance, Paul has sent them a spiritual message while warning them against Jewish teachers, who have caused jealousies and rivalries. Paul was firm on his principle: These teachers are â€Å"enemies of the cross of Christ† (Phi: 3-18). He would also stress that beyond ritualistic practices, what is important is their being favored to believe in Christ. Then he pleads for unity and humility, even as Christ, he says, â€Å"humbled himself, becoming obedient to death† (Phi: 3-8). In the end, he asks for their being true, honorable, just, and pure living in order to earn God’s peace while awa iting the return of the Risen Savior. First Letter to Corinthians At about the year 51 CE, Paul organized a Christian community in Corinth among the city’s poor and underprivileged. (New American Bible, p. 242). ... Also, it is only one Christ from whom is drawn righteousness, sanctification and redemption (Cor.: 2-30). The long letter contains advice on problems in Christian practices. It also contains the famous teaching on love, the greatest of all virtues. On a key portion of his message about the resurrection, Paul stresses that â€Å"if Christ is raised from the dead. . . there is resurrection of the dead† (Cor.:15-12). Clearly for St. Paul, Christ’s death is the key to the new life and victory over the sting of death caused by Adam (Cor.: 15-53). Second Letter to Corinthians More problems arose in the Church at Corinth, and in his second letter Paul asserts his authority as an apostle. He argues for his position by revealing his personal conviction that the suffering, death and resurrection of Jesus should be the pattern for all Christian life (p. 265). Using figurative language, Paul expresses his thanks to God for the experience of triumph in Christian living made evident, he says â€Å"through the aroma of Christ for God among those being saved, and among those perishing, the latter an odor of death that leads to death, the former an odor of life that leads to life† (2 Cor.: 2-15). Again in figurative language, Paul alludes to his ministering a new covenant of the spirit, as a contrast to the old covenant of death. In his own words: â€Å"Now if the ministry of death, carved in letters on stone, was so glorious that the Israelites could not look intently at the face of Moses because of its glory that was going to fade, how much more will the ministry of the Spirit be glorious? For if the ministry of condemnation was glorious, the ministry of righteousness will abound much more in glory† (2 Cor.: 3-7). In the second letter to the Corinthians, it is

Good species Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Good species - Essay Example Second is the United Nation which replaced the League of Nation established in the year 1945 purposed to promote peace and stop chaos between nation-states. Third, is the global World Trade Organization (WTO), established to encourage free trade between nations. Fourth, are the regional organizations e.g. EU, NATO, AOS and AU and Product-specific IGOs like OPEC (Campbell, MacKinnon, and Stevens 51-121). NGOs, on the other hand, are private and individualized organizations that are free from government involvement. There are three classes of NGOs that are the environmental, humanitarian/Human rights and development. Environmental NGOs have obligations to promote clean and natural environment globally. Environmental NGOs duties involve the initiation of water, land and air clean-up; animal, landscape and resource preservation; and maintainable land use and resources (Campbell, MacKinnon, and Stevens 51-121). Development NGOs offers aid to promote social, political and economic growth in third world countries. Its efforts are on the expansion of economic and social structures, which enhance communities and terminate poverty in the society. Development NGOs duties involves school establishment, offering small loans to individuals, establishment of health-care amenities and programs, and providing farming education to the communities (Campbell, MacKinnon, and Stevens 51-121). Humanitarian/ Human rights NGOs have the obligation to supervise and report all abuses to human rights. Amnesty International is the most eminent NGOs responsible in researching and taking actions to stop and prevent human rights abuses. The organization carry out its duties with the guidance of rights reserved in Universal Declaration of Human Rights; rights that ask all the governments and other potent bodies obey the law. The organization duties involve various operations formulated to terminate women violence,

Adult Bible study on part of the Book of John Coursework

Adult Bible study on part of the Book of John - Coursework Example egan to form which identified him with  John the Apostle.  This understanding remained in place until the end of the 18th century.3 Today the majority of scholars do not believe that John or any other eyewitness wrote it, and trace it instead to a "Johannine community" which traced its traditions to John. The gospel developed over time in various stages showing signs of having been composed in three layers, reaching its final form about 90-100 AD 4 and summarized by  Raymond Brown  as follows: 5 as â€Å"Signs Gospel.†7 This hypothetical "Signs Gospel" of Christs miracles, independent of the synoptic gospels, is believed to have been circulating before the year 70 AD. Bultmanns conclusion was controversial, nevertheless, scholars such as Raymond Brown continue to consider this hypothesis, plausible. They believe the original of the "Signs Gospel"   to be by the â€Å"beloved disciple† arguing that the disciple who formed this community was a companion of Jesus Christ from John 21:24 which states that the â€Å"beloved disciple† wrote an account of the life of Jesus.   However, this disciple died unexpectedly, necessitating that a revised gospel be written (John 21:23). Paul Anderson believes, it may be that John â€Å"is the source" of the Johannine tradition but "not the final writer of the tradition."8   Scholars are no longer looking for the identity of a single writer but for numerous authors involved in the gospels development over a period of time and in several

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example George. W. Merck a formal chairman of the company always tried to project his founding father’s mission that the corporation will always â€Å"work for the people and not for profits†. On this regard it can be said, that the company is more deliberate to act with high social responsibility rather than just focusing on profitability or revenues (Trevino & Nelson, 2010). Organization Values of Merck & Corporation In respect of Merck’s company’s mission and vision which is to serve public at all means, profit is not the first priority as the organization is with deeper social grounds at the time of service or operation. As company’s vision is set on high moral grounds, it becomes mandatory for the system of the company to follow the similar track in which social responsibility is on highest node of consideration. In such ethical frame of work, the decision of developing a drug which is specifically for small population is hard to make, as it has to imi tate company’s vision and fit in the interest of internal and external stakeholders (Trevino & Nelson, 2010). It was the period of 1970s when the case of â€Å"River blindness† came on the front to Merck & Corporation. ... ion like Merck’s & Corporation, whose idea is to serve mankind and provide people with effective remedies on such chronic diseases (Trevino & Nelson, 2010). Stakeholder Impact and Interest Merck & Corporation is one of the largest medication providers in the world. It is having a thorough background in serving people genuinely with high effective cures and remedies. The case of river blindness required an ethical decision in which Merck & Corporation was being expected to make a decision in favor of the affected population (Trevino & Nelson, 2010). The case brought attention of stakeholders who were actively part of the organization at that time. Scientists were internal stakeholders who projected their deep interest in researching for the case. This was all in the context of company’s mission and vision, which is to serve public who is facing influence of such chronic disease â€Å"River blindness† (Trevino & Nelson, 2010). Risk in Development of the Drug In the case of River-blindness disease, Merck & Corporation was carrying high amount of risk especially if the company owners look at the profitability aspect (Trevino & Nelson, 2010). If the company goes with its research, it would require high investments plus a lot of time to get with a probable solution. The profit generation is on the lesser side even the investments are hard to recover on the drug as the affected people requiring the drug are located in poor regions, who cannot afford such high profitability ratios for the company (Trevino & Nelson, 2010). The Final Decision In respect of the following risk factors, it is hard to make a decision that whether a company should go or not for developing the drug. If a company decides to proceed with the drug development, it could compromise the principles of

Another 10 questions about china law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Another 10 questions about china law - Essay Example A and European Union, China had violated the national treatment in the China’s Auto parts case as it followed protectionist policy for its domestic auto-industry. United States of America and European Union have filed a case in WTO under dispute settlement mechanism alleging the unfair treatment of China towards foreign auto parts. China’s complex tariff system is the main reason for favoring domestic industry and damaging the interests of foreign auto companies. However it may not be true completely as some analysts find political reasons behind this complaint. Majority car making companies in China are having collaboration or joint venture with foreign firms and hence will get the benefit of low cost domestic spare parts that result in lower manufacturing costs. Hence they will not prefer purchasing higher cost imported spare parts from foreign companies. The term â€Å"like product† means the product that is identical to the dumped import, or in the absence of such a product, another product that has characteristics closely resembling the dumped import (Article 12 of the Anti dumping regulations of PRC, 2004) . According to Article 3 of the Anti dumping regulations, 2004 of PRC, The term â€Å"dumping† means that an import is introduced, in the ordinary course of trade, into the market of the People’s Republic of China at an export price less than its normal value. Hence its meaning is almost similar to that of WTO definition. The margin of dumping is the amount by which the export price of an import is less than its normal value (Article 6). The margin of dumping shall be established on the basis of a comparison of a weighted average normal value with a weighted average of prices of all comparable export transactions or by a comparison of the normal value and export price on a transaction-to-transaction basis. According to the Anti dumping regulations of PRC, 2004, The term â€Å"injury† means material injury or threat of material injury caused by

Transformational Leadership Addendum Assignment

Transformational Leadership Addendum - Assignment Example democratic leadership as a fully participatory form of leadership and a free reign as a situation where the subjects dictate what has to be done, and the leadership has no direction in this framework. The same study describes transformational leadership as the most recent form of leadership. The core characteristic of this style of leadership is to inspire the team to produce revolutionary results (Edward and jean 2013). In this form of leadership, the leader identifies a need for change in an organization and creates a pathway towards attaining this change. In addition, the leader taps into the emotional aspect of the team to inspire them to achieve this change (Marshall & Marshall 2011). In Ciulla (2004), the idea of a transformational leader has been improved further by distinguishing this type of leadership from selfish and manipulative styles of leadership. In this study, the type of leadership is described as that which is driven by ideologies, is charismatic and confident. Regardless of the leadership style taken by the leader, a good leadership style is characterized by greater inspiration to the team hence greater achievement of the goals and objectives (Babatunde 2013). The individual, therefore, has to try to adopt a framework that best suits the intention of the person in achieving the goals. It should be noted that each person’s adoption of these frameworks will produce varied results depending on the effectiveness of the adoption. In this paper, I provide my personal leadership style and advance the discussion on the influence of an individual personal leadership plan on the communication within and without a team. At a personal level, one has to develop a strategy to deal with the leadership hurdles that one comes across in a team. To communicate this strategy effectively depends on the type of leadership that an individual adopts in dealing with the members of the team. For instance in an autocratic type of leadership, the decision and

Innovation and Sustainability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Innovation and Sustainability - Essay Example Therefore, this paper will explore two consumption and two production habits of humans that are related to the material resources. In addition, it will give recommendations on sustainable ways of producing and consuming these resources for the purpose of the present and future generation. Population growth continuously affects consumption of materials and environmental resources. With exponential growth, population density increases in a region. The number of population per 1000 population highly determines the amount of consumption of goods that come from the environment. Agricultural production of goods has to be increased with any increase in birth rates in a population. Going by the current trend, every household and in some cases every individual who can attain a driving license has a car especially in the US, which means more fuel consumption, hence, more exploitation of crude oil (Segger, 2011). Technology has contributed a lot to consumption of most goods. It is with technology that humans are able to consume coal out of a coal mine. Fuels that produce green house gases come as a result of the power of machines in exploitation and cutting down of trees which are a great source of carbon sink. All this is done just to satisfy human needs of consumption. For example, trees are cut down for building purposes and for fuel, while exploitation of fuels like petrol and diesel from crude oil is mainly for the current increase of vehicles on the road (Segger, 2011). Advancement of industrial revolution has immensely encouraged high production rate of consumer goods. With advanced technology, more agricultural goods can be produced due to the presence of technologies that can be used like those used to manufacture chemical fertilizers for the unfertile soils. Thus, more agricultural goods are being produced currently, despite the health impacts that some of the production methods like GMO have on human health (Segger,

Walt Disney or “Uncle Walt” Essay Example for Free

Walt Disney or â€Å"Uncle Walt† Essay Have you ever seen a movie or a cartoon that was produced by Disney? Of course you have! That is because there are so many movies and cartoons that are produced by Disney. However, Disney wasn’t as popular in the 1920’s as it is today. It all started with an average man. His name was Walter Elias Disney, or better known as Walt Disney. Walt Elias Disney was born in Chicago, Illinois, on the date of December 5, 1901. Later in his life he lied about his age and joined the American Red Cross at the age of 16. He soon went home and got a full scholarship to the Kansas City Art Institute. There he met a fellow animator Ubbe Iwerks. Then the two set up their own company. They made a series of animated shorts that were called â€Å"Newman’s Laugh-o-grams†, but the business failed. The two soon went to Hollywood and created a cartoon series that is about a little girl named Alice that has adventures in the woods. That too, went bankrupt. After that, his brother and he made another small company named Disney Brother’s Studios. When Walt and his brother (Roy) made Disney Brother’s Studios that was when they started to reel in the big money. Their first distributor was a woman from New York named Margaret Winkler. Disney’s Alice cartoons sold for 1500 dollars a short. The same price was for his Oswald cartoons. A few years later, Margaret Winkler and her husband stole the rights to Disney’s Oswald cartoons and every other cartoon they made, but Disney retaliated because he made one of his biggest cartoons after that which was Mickey Mouse. It was an instant sensation. Then in 1929, he made all of Mickey Mouse’s friends. They were Goofy, Pluto, Minnie, and Donald. This was one of his biggest hits. A few years later, Disney made the movie, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. It made an unimaginable 1.5 million dollars. It later won an Oscar. So went on Disney’s career. He produced many of the movies that we know today like, Finding Nemo, Monsters Inc., Peter Pan, and many more. Walt died on December 15, 1966. As you can see, Walt Elias Disney was very important to the 1920’s. He was very important because he created a new hobby that people could do. This means that he changed mass media and American culture. It made a very large significance to the future. Without Walt Disney, Disney Studios would not have been created. In the future Disney made many movies. Millions of Americans have seen and still watch Disney movies. I guess that I’m trying to say that without Disney, all the movies that we loved as children wouldn’t have existed if Walt didn’t make Disney. That’s how it affected the future. Walt Disney also affected American history. It gave Americans something to do or watch in their free time. Many movies that are widely known today wouldn’t have been made if it wasn’t for Walt Disney. So it affected American history because it changed mass media and he made many movies that are still loved today by millions of people around the world. So in the end, Walt Elias Disney was a very important man. He made a multi-billion dollar industry. It was amazing what he did. After all his work was stolen, he kept on trying and succeeded. He retaliated and made one of the biggest movie making companies in the history of America. It shows you that anything is possible in the land of opportunities.

Sainsbury plc

Sainsbury plc Introduction This report will examine the change management with focus on how change could be introduced, implemented and how resistance to change could be mà ©nage. Therefore we shallbriefly look at the change which had been taking place within sainsburysplc how it was mange and the success rate. It also evaluates the need for the change. How the stake holder analyst was done therefore the Sainsburys was used and the mckinsey company. Task one 1.1 The background of the Sainsburys plc Sainsbury plc is a registered parental company of Sainsburys Supermarkets Ltd, which is popularly known as Sainsburys, a chain of supermarkets in the United Kingdom with special focus on property and banking business. Sainsburys profits see 11% surge. MSN News. http://news.uk.msn.com/uk/article.aspx?cp-documentid=16788775 Retrieved 2009-06-13.. Its estate has been estimated to be about  £8.6 billion March 2007. Sainsburys was the market leader in the UK supermarket sector in much of the 20th century, but lost its place as the UKs largest grocer to Tesco in 1995 and in lost 1995 and was pushed into third by ASDA in 2003. The companys performance has improved by CEO Justin King in 2004 since the launch of a recovery programme. The company has been reporting its 12th consecutive quarter of sales growth. Despite predictions that Sainsburys would regain second position in January 2008, Taylor Nelson Sofres data released in January 2008 shows Sainsburys market share at 16.4%, behind Asda s share of 16.7%, but ahead of Morrisons at 11.22%. This report shall evaluate the series of change programmes in the company under the last five years with special consideration to the change types of change, change processes and how the management has been able to deal with issues of stakeholder analysis while implementing the change and how resistance to change was dealt 1.2 Business Transformation as a form of change which has occurred in Sainsbury within t. 2004-2009 Developmental Changes in the year 2004 Between 2000 and 2004, Peter Davis was chief executive of Sainsburys. The appointment of Davis was welcome by the Sainsburys investors and business experts it was believed that ht e appointment was only confirmed after the company has won the support of the Sainsbury family who kicked against the decision of making him the CEO in the early 1990s. ( Shah, Saied 2000. Sir Peter Davis brought back to take helm at Sainsburys (The Independent (Newspaper Publishing): p.19). Within the first two year Sainsbury was able to raise its profit above the target but later drop sharply in 2004 when compared with the performance of its major competitors.Davis was the architect of an almost  £3 billion upgrade of stores, distribution and IT equipment, called â€Å"Business Transformation Programme.† . Business expansion and innovation strategy were used to implement the change. However his successor later discovered that most of the investment was more or less wasted and considered failed in his key goal of improving availability. Fraction of the investments witness the construction of four fully automated depots, which was considered at  £100 million each cost four times more than standard depots Townsend, Abigail 2006. ( How the Newbury process turned Sainsburys round. The Independent on Sunday (Independent Newspapers). http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles . Retrieved 2007-02-08. . However. Lack of accurate estimation and appropriate consultation of the stakeholder was fingered to have contributed to the failure of the project and the change programme. Though, enough information were not make public on the implication of change on workers and other relevant stakeholders, but the sharp falling in the profit within the short period cold be used as yardstick to justify the reason while the project was considered good for dropping Developmental changes programme in year 2006 Christensen spoke on the four automated depots introduced by Davis, that there was no single day went by without one, of the system developing if not all of them The systems were flawed. They most of the time to stop for four hours daily for repair maintenance. But because they were constantly breaking down you would be playing catch up. It was a vicious circle. Christensen believe it was a great mistake to build four such depots at a goal, instead of building one which could be thoroughly tested before investing in another. Resuscitating of the Failed automated Project in 2007 The launch of the recovery programme by king, Sainsburys announced a further  £12 million investment In 2007 in its depots in order maintain speed with sales growth and the removal of the failed automated systems from its depots. Since the launch of Kings recovery programmed, the company has reported fifteen consecutive quarters of sales growth, most recently in November 2008. Early sales increases have been attributed to the new companys distribution system and the focus of the fresh and healthy food (Improved supply lifts Sainsburys. BBC News. 2005-03-24. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4378035.stm. Retrieved 2006-10-11.) A transformational change: In May 2007 Sainsburys identified five areas of focus to take the company from recovery to growth in order to transform its business strategy: therefore it identified the following focus as key factors to core activates in line with the concept of comparative advantage and the value chain (Michael p, 1985) the five core value include: * Great food at fair prices * Growth of non-food ranges * Reaching more customers through additional channels through opening of new convenience stores and growth of online home delivery and banking operations. * Expansion of supermarket space through new stores and development of the companys largely underdeveloped store portfolio. * Active property management 2009 update Transformational changes Sainsbury embraced the external boundary as change model through merger and acquisitions to achieve this change Sainsburys announced In March 2009 its intention to buy 24 stores from The Co-operative, 22 of which were Summerfield stores and the remaining 2 were Co-op stores. These were among of their estate which The Co-operative were required to sell after the completion of the Summerfield takeover. (Guardian (2009-11-04). 1.3 The issues which have made the company consider the change The loss of market position; peter Davis Within the first two year Sainsbury was able to raise its profit above the target but later drop sharply in 2004 when compared with the performance of its major competitors.Davis was the architect of an almost  £3 billion upgrade of stores, distribution and IT equipment, called â€Å"Business Transformation Programme.† This was among of the issues that necessitated the change 1.4 The process which the change took place 1.4.1 Identification of the need for change At the end of March 2004 Davis was elevated to the position of chairman and Justin King replaced him as the CEO. Justin King joined Sainsburys in 2004 from Marks and Spencer plc where he was a director with responsibility for its food division and Kings Super Markets, Inc. subsidiary in the United States. Schooled in Sol hull and a graduate of the University Of Bath, where he took a business administration degree, King was also previously a managing director at Ads with responsibility for hypermarkets. 1.4.2 Shareholders consultation: Gathering of useful data needed for the change from the relevant stakeholders as part of his 6 month business review asking them what they wanted from the company and where the company could improve, King ordered a direct mail campaign to 1 million Sainsburys customers This confirm the commentary of retail analysts repot that the group was not ensuring that shelves are fully stocked, because of the IT systems introduced by Peter Davis. (Sainsburys heads back to basics. BBC News. 2004-10-19. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3755066.stm. Retrieved 2008-10-09.) 1.4.3 Implementation of change King announced the results of his business review and his plans to revive the companys fortunes in a three year recovery plan entitled Making Sainsburys Great Again on 19th October 2004 . This was generally well received by both the stock market and the media. He used CHANGING STRUCTURES MODEL in his implementation of the change. As part of the Immediate plans, included lying off 750 headquarters staff were laid off and around 3,000 shop-floor staff were recruited in order to improve the quality of service and the firms main problem of stock availability. The aim of the decision was to increase sales revenue by  £2.5bn by the financial year ending in March 2008. Another important announcement was the decision to halving the dividend to increase the retained profit in order boost the financial capacity to funds price cuts and quality. Lawrence Christensen was also hired as supply chain director in 2004 having worked as an expert in logistics at Safeway but decided to leave as a res ult of the Morrison takeover. This marked the beginning of developmental change in the year 2006 as the company begin to witness improvements in its supply chain and the two abandon distribution center were reactivated 2.0 Task 2 2.1 How the relevant stakeholder analysis was done during the change Before 2004, series of transformational changes have been taking place within the company. Though, it was recorded that most of the change produced a favorable result in the short run. But the shortfall of the change became so sharply and worst than the formal position of the company. Sainsbury plc did not only witness decline in profit but also lost market position to his arch rivers Tesco and Asda. Poor project assessment and lack of proper consultation with relevant stakeholders. 2.1.1 Customers Having learnt from the previous mistake committed by the predecessors who had caused the organization its place of pride in the market, King ordered a direct mail campaign to 1 million Sainsburys customers as part of his 6 month business review asking them what they wanted from the company and where the company could improve. This reaffirmed the commentary of retail analysts the group was not ensuring that shelves are fully stocked, this due to the failure of the IT systems introduced by Peter Davis. 2.1.2 Employee As one of the relevant stakeholder, employees are considered to be important to the success of any change introduce in an organization. The change affect people and people tend to react to changes. Negative reaction to change could mark the beginning of the failure of the new change while the positive reaction could fast track the success of such change programme. These confirmed by recent research conducted by mckinsey on the important of change to the organization and how important is people in the implementation of change and therefore suggested tactics that to successfully implement change. Employees were carried along in making the change by getting the employees involve at the beginning of change and in the process of implementation. Organizations need for change Constantly, for all kinds of reasons, but achieving a true step change in performance is rare. Indeed, in a recent McKinsey survey of executives from around the world, only a third says that their organizations succeeded in doing so. Executives were also asked how their organizations designed and managed a recent change effort, how they engaged employees in it, and how involved senior leaders were. (http://blog.theleadershipsphere.com.au/the_leadership_sphere/2008/09/index.html) The results of the survey highlight several important strategies or methods that organizations use to transform themselves successfully. Hence, the Setting of clear and high aspirations for change is the mostly important. A second tactic is general involvement of the whole organisation by engaging the whole company in the change effort through a wide different of ways; it was believed that a highly involved and visible CEO is crucial, but that successful companies are also using series of other communication and accountability tactics to keep people involved. Far more methods than unsuccessful companies use, also notable: successful companies are far likelier to communicate the need for change in a positive way, encouraging employees to build on success rather than focusing exclusively on fixing problems. (The McKinsey Quarterly conducted the survey in July 2008.). Therefore Sainsbury was able to draft in the interest of their workers in terms of human resource planning, training and developmental programme reward team management and flat organisation structure which enhance effective two ways communication system. (http://blog.theleadershipsphere.com.au/the_leadership_sphere/2008/09/index.html) 2.1.3 Shareholders One of the objectives to maximise is the maximisation of the shareholders wealth. Organisation tents to satisfy the interest of this group while pursuing profitability and handsome return on investment. Hence inability of the past administration had lead to change of leadership before the period to be considered in this project. Maximisation of shareholders wealth was put at the centre of interest in all the change programmes. 2.1.4 Competitor: Through stakeholder analysis, competitor as always been a force to reckon with. Sainsbury was able to analysis his competitors to whom she as lost his place of priority in the market which had made her to settle for third position in the grocery market in up. Hence that is why Sainsbury has putting a lot marketing strategies in order to ensure customers satisfaction and retention through excellence customer service. 2.2 Where the staff involved or considered in the change In the planning and the implementation process of change The target of the change programme was to improve customer patronage and to make more profit. Therefore workers were put at the centre of the change in order to make them have the thorough knowledge of the change which was about to take place. Hence Sainsbury also embark on training and development. Staff got involved in the Implementation process as staff serve as a medium through new changes are being communicated to customers. Task 3 3.1 The significant change that took place in Mckinsey and company Transformational change in Mckinsey and company with special attention on knowledge management over the Years Between I926 and 1950s Mckinsey company was established in 1926 as an Accounting and Engineering Advisors. the was using a system integrated approach which could be otherwise refers to as General Survey Outline basis of knowledge managements, the company was pursuing undeviating sequence of analysis goal strategy, policies, organization, facilities procedures and personnel, data which are to be synthesized and think for themselves while solving clients problems. as a result of business boom, more hands were employed and the organizations value chain were broadened, more policies were created with the clients as the main stake holder putting them at the center of the activities The company belief that every assignment must to bring more than revenue to the company, more of experience due to business expansion in the 20th century the company need more hand to meet the increasing demand these made the company to adopt generalist approach which leaves the problem solving task with hired experts. This was the beginning of the change in the organization Between 1950 and 1967 Introducing the expert base problem solving system by the Bower lead administration. He assumed that a highly intelligent generalist (expert) could easily diagnose client issues and through it professional capabilities solve the problem without waste of time and resources this was believed to be the appropriate way of dealing with the increase in demand which the company was enjoying at present so instead of allowing the traditional practice where the collective, brainstorming section of solving client problems that encourage the participative system, which was the cultural practices of the company before the business expansion, bower prefer to rely more on the solving client problems by the means of expertise. However, the knowledge issue of development within the organization was considered to be peripheral as the solving clients problem was believed to be core issues that is important if the customers demand is to be achieved and the business expansion goal is to be continues. The assumptions worked for short period as the company experience increase in sales and expansion of business spreading across the globe. This work well as the company witness a lot of expansion during the period in terms of market growth at the expense of internal growth (knowledge development), but looking at the cultural web of McKinley which is was known for participative system of clients prob lem solving system through which the knowledge were gathered developed and shared that enhance staffs improvement was not considered. living the problem solving in the hand of the expert in a company like mckinsey where knowledge remain the core activities when considering the value added to the end product(porter value chain 1985). The growth of the organization stopped within the short time. 3.2 The key challenges the organization has faced in implementing changes Integration of objectivity due to massive business expansion: The massive business expansion which has led to the diversifying into other business had posse series of challenge to the company, the organization was growing bigger and the system of administration was also going more complex. This made series of change programmes to be difficult to implement. http://www.changeminds.org/disciplines/change_management/resistance_change/dealing_resistance.htm 3.3 Resistance to change from the employees and partners Resistance to change from the staff that begins to see change introduce as a treat and therefore change their perspective towards participation in the change programmes. Example of such resistance was their unwilling to contribute to data collection programmes which the company was trying to use for database in order to enhance knowledge management within the organization. However the company use consultation and staff involvement in the change planning processes to win the support of the workers to embrace the change programmes http://www.changeminds.org/disciplines/change_management/resistance_change/dealing_resistance.htm 3.4 My suggestion for the organization to resolve the various challenges facing the organization in implementing change programmes Here are things the organization can do to handle resistance, starting with kind and moral approaches and ending with the harsher end of gaining compliance. Facilitation It has been argued that best approach in creating change is by working with them, helping them achieve goals that somehow also reach to the goals of the change project. People will be very happy to work with you when you work with them. This could be said to appropriate and good practice where people are willing to support programme but finding it difficult to adjust. http://www.changeminds.org/disciplines/change_management/resistance_change/dealing_resistance.htm Education When people are not willing to support changes due to lack of clear understanding of the benefits and the rationale behind the change programme, manger might use education to enlighten people in order to understand the benefit of the change from positive perspectives. (http://www.changeminds.org) Involvement When people are not involved physically or intellectually, they are unlikely to be involved emotionally either, involving people in change planning is one of the best methods dealing with peoples resistance to change. Their involvement will make them support the success of the programme by persuading others to begin to see the change from the positive perspectives. (http://www.changeminds.org) Negotiation When persuasion seem to have failed to yield positive result, then manager might need to introduce a round table discussion by Sitting them down and ask what they want, find out what they want and what they will not. Negotiate mutually agreeable solutions that satisfy them and the fundamental objective of the change. http://www.changeminds.org) Manipulation Manipulation means controlling a persons environment such that they are shaped by what is around them. It can be a tempting solution, but is morally questionable and, if they sense what you are doing, will lead to a very dangerous backlash. It is only good for short term purposes and after when all the other options has failed http://www.changeminds.org/disciplines/change_management/resistance_change/dealing_resistance.htm Coercion Here manager tend to apply force in making people to accept the change threat of loss of job if fail to comply perhaps in a humiliating public sacking. This could be used when the change is urgent and speed is considered to be of essences and the process of other alternative has been considered too slow and not likely to yield any good result http://www.changeminds.org/disciplines/change_management/resistance_change/dealing_resistance.htm 4.0 Conclusion The change has been seen as an agent of business growth and development. Hence change could be said to important to the organization survival especially in the highly competitive business environment, how it capable of improving the organization, leverage the organization cultural web. Therefore, managers need to evaluate change within the context of the organization cultural web with the consideration of the relevant stakeholder with an appropriate implementation strategy. This will facilitate dealing with resistance to change and peoples corporation in achieving the fundamental objective of the change. An effective change processes will be of advantage as it will also pave way for constant review. Reference John. N (2004). Management Second Edition, published by prentice Hall London Porter, M. E. (1996). What is strategy? Harvard Business Review, November-December, 61-78 Website. SainsburyArchive.http://www.museumindocklands.org.uk/English/Collections/CollectionsOnline/SainsburyArchive/Themes/Places/Expansion/Drurylane.htm. Retrieved on 2009-11-11 Sainsburys goes on  £83m coop spree. Press release. http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/mar/04/j-sainsbury-supermarkets. Retrieved 2009-05-23. http//www.sainsburys .co.uk http://www.mckinsey.com/careers/is_mckinsey_right_for_me/roles_and_career_paths.aspx accessed on 17/11 /2009 Journals: the McKinsey Quarterly conducted the survey in July 2008. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainsbury%27s Shah, Saeed (2000-01-15). Sir Peter Davis brought back to take helm at Sainsburys. The Independent (Newspaper Publishing): p.19 Townsend, Abigail (2006-04-23). How the Newbury process turned Sainsburys round. The Independent on Sunday (Independent Newspapers). http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4159/is_20060423/ai_n16212212. Retrieved 2007-02-08. Sainsburys heads back to basics. BBC News. 2004-10-19. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3755066.stm. Retrieved 2008-10-09. http://blog.theleadershipsphere.com.au/the_leadership_sphere/2008/09/index.html Jameson, Angela (2008-01-10). Sainsburys sales rise defies retail gloom. The Times (Times Newspapers). http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/retailing/article3163999.ece. Improved supply lifts Sainsburys. BBC News. (2005-03-24). Retrieved at http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4378035.stm Retrieved on 2006-10-11. Sainsburys profits see 11% + surge. MSN News. http://news.uk.msn.com/uk/article.aspx?cp-documentid=16788775. Retrieved 2009-06-13.

Business overview of sainsbury plc

Business overview of sainsbury plc Sainsbury PLC is considered as one of UKs leading food retailers. The Sainsbury history starts in 1869 and today it says We provide Healthy, Safe, Fresh and tasty food (Sainsbury, 2011). Sainsbury brand has maintained goodwill for many years by providing its customers with healthy safe and tasty food. No compromise on price and quality has been made as they go hand-in-hand. Groceries in Sainsbury was introduced in 1903.John James Sainsbury died in 1928 by that time there were 128 shops and his last words were to keep shops lit. (Sainsbury, 2011). FROM FIELD TO FORK IN UNITED KINGDOM 17,000 Farmers Grocers 2,000+ Suppliers 22 Distribution Centres 800+ Supermarkets 30,000+ Products 150,000+ Colleagues 19 Over million Customers 3) Evaluation of stake holders. Anyone who can affect or be affected by the actions of the organization (Godson, 2008).The term stakeholder was first used by the Stanford Research Institute in 1963 to jointly describe consumers, shareholders, suppliers, employees, financial lenders, and society in general. (Reed, 2008). Relationship Marketing model developed by Gummessons consists of four broad partnerships were exchange take place. They are applied in case of Sainsbury United Kigdom Four Broad Partnerships of Relationship Marketing (Morgan and Hunt 1994) Internal Partnerships-The research studies suggests the quality of relationship a company has with its customers largely depend on how the employees at the front line make customers. (Egan, 2008) Being a great place to work is rooted in Sainsburys heritage and values. Sainsbury plays a vital role in achieving the corporate business goals with the help of its colleagues working for them.1,50,000 of the colleagues together make it successful in delivering great customer service every single day. These individuals by all sense are the face of the company. Delivering great food at fair price and surpassing the customer expectations. The employees are treated in a manner by which retention of employees takes place motivating them to work for Sainsburys customers in the best manner. Sainsbury is proud to be awarded the peoples organisation by the CBI in Human capital Awards 2009.It was awarded in recognition of HR people management excellence. The first ever retailer who has been awarded a gold accreditation from Investors in people for the commitment made to improve business through investment in our colleagues. Out of 168 categories Sainsbury was successful in 165. (J SainsburyP LC) Supplier Partnerships- Two formal documents are held by Sainsbury which cover the commitments made to their suppliers and standard they expect in return. They take pride in having good supplier relations. They are the first supermarket to implement a voluntary code of conduct which went beyond the obligations in previous supermarket code of practice. They issue a supplier handbook to their suppliers which is legally binding code of commercial practice. (J SainsburyPLC). Sainsbury has thoroughly strengthened and widened grocery supply code of practice (GSCOP) which is in force from feb2010 following the competition commission report into the grocery market. Sainsburys supplier have training thereby they can support the skills of suppliers to ensure they can operate efficiently to meet our requirements for quality and sustainability. They are the worlds largest retailer Sainsbury is doing well in the retail sector. (J SainsburyPLC) Buyer Partnerships- Sainsbury engages with the shoppers on a day to day basis by requesting their feedback. (J SainsburyPLC).Sainsbury communicates that it understands it s customers and their needs. Sainsbury customers are mailed a calendar which is their on their wall for twelve months with a new image and a new text or idea every month. (Jenkinson Sain, 2003).Sainsbury does spend to genuinely understand their customers. Moreover it is vital in Integrated Marketing when it comes to big brands like Sainsbury having multiple customer communities. (Jenkinson Sain, 2003) Relationship Marketing ladder of loyalty External Partnerships- As Sainsburys does engage with organisations like NGOs and government and agencies to understand issues and making better decisions. (J SainsburyPLC) Stakeholders like Normative groups Diffuse groups 4.1 Normative groups have authority to regulate or control the actions of an organization (Godson, 2008) These would include Regulatory bodies, Governments, Trade associations, Professional associations, shareholders and finances. The Sainsbury boss fears new VAT rise under new government (Kollewe, 2010). 4.2 In Sainsbury they are committed in reducing the negative impact on the environment and aiming to be leaders in UK for environmental innovation. Climate change is affecting everyone so Sainsbury tries to reduce the environmental footprint as all nature of business has direct or indirect impacts but in retail distinction is is significant. They have been given an A rating in the consumer Focus Green to the Core? In 2010 a five year partnership has been announced with Imperial College, London and Grantham Institute for Climate Change. Sainsbury won Green Retailer of the Year Award at Drinks Business Green Awards on March 8th 2011. (Sainsbury, 2011) Customer Relationship Management As Mass Media Advertising on decline marketers are focussing more on CRM adopting it as the best way to win, retain and grow business. (Handen, 2000). Most definitions of CRM is based around the collection and use of customer data for specific customer-focused activities. (Walton, 2008)CRM is a buzzword that a buzzword thats really not so new (Gateway for India, 2005).CRM previously did allow the neighbourhood grocer to keep a track over few of his customers preferences. To recognise their needs and deliver them effectively. Technology has now allowed to go into future in this model. (Gateway for India, 2005).The CRM today brings the organization closer to the customers allowing the organization to understand and cater to their needs in a better manner. (Handen, 2000).Mass marketing done through advertising and effective campaigns may not reach customers so effectively as CRM can do today. (Handen, 2000) Sainsbury selects Teradata warehouse replacing Oracle and getting CRM solution.This would enable in implementation of CRM and communicating well with the targeted customers and personalized communication and decision making.Sainsbury wanted to carry out a initative in offering customers surpassing to their expectations (Sainsburyselects Teradata Warehouse and CRM solutions, 2001) Sainsbury developed customer relationship to win customers in 2011.As household budgets looked stretched further by tax increase and inflation.There are some elements which can be used to achieve focus on relationships to establish with the shoppers enabling them to win sales over their competitors. (News, 2011) Focus on value- Retailers are trying to promote heavily to their customers with price guarantees and promotional innovation among the key weapons in their communication strategies. (News, 2011) Trend one -Internet Internet is used widely to communicate across different channels.The sales is also recorded in conjunction the price message is also communicated properly. (News, 2011) Trend two-Promotional mechanics-The retailers come up with innovative promotional schemes to attract the customers so that sales would increase,deals such as buy 1 get 1 free.During festivals or some ocassions like Mothers Day, Valentines Day and Easter the promotion schemes becomes more significant in the retail calendars. (News, 2011) Loyalty cards and technology -Loyalty card scheme is been widely used by retailers.It has been gaining momentum helping the retailers to establish good customer relationship in future.To reward the shoppers indirectly encourages and tempts them to shop more which results in more sales. (News, 2011) Non-Food Alongside their strong food propositions Sainsbury approach to develop its hypermarket format and to utilize their extended space for general merchandize. (News, 2011) Customer Service-Customers not only purchase the service but the experience offered by the service organisation. (Adebanjo, 2001).Sainsburys had tried a scheme in the early 2008 which would enable the company to build in the use of Nectar data.Some printed communication could include Money-off coupons,promotional offers, advertising messages and recipie ideas.It did combine customer relationship marketing(CRM) programme with colour printer technology.Moreover the it would help the suppliers to understand how the system can help. (Talking Retail-Hub for grocery retail, 2007). Customer Satisfaction At Sainsbury customers are delivered great service making it easy and enjoyable experience for the customers to shop. (Sainsbury, 2011)(Hill,1999)Customers are satisfied on meeting their expectations otherwise they are dissatisifed. (Adebanjo, Understanding Customer Satisfaction-Uk food industry Case study, 2001).Customer complaints helps to identify the weakness of customer service higlighting areas of improvement.The customers whose complaints are attended and resolved are more likely to remain loyal and share the experience with others. (Adebanjo, Understanding customer satisfaction-Uk food industry case study, 2001).This would enable in handling customer complaints and useful for service and process improvement.Customer focus and to understand customers is increasing among organizations and has become essential for business success. (Adebanjo, Understanding customer satisfaction-Uk food industry case study, 2001).Being prompt and effective in responding to customer concerns and complaints.Compalints are dealt in the store wherever possible by the store duty manager.A team is formed in sainsbury to know customer insights and individuals working together to study trends and needs of customer.They undertake surveys each month.The stores are not aware when they are conducted as it is done secretly when the check is been made unless the stores are informed regarding their performance and scope of improvement.Several steps and initatives are taken sothat customers can easily locate the products on shelves.New approach to reduce queiuing times at check outs.The ambition of Sainsbury is 1 in front at all check outs in our store Self service check outs are introduced by them and hand hold scanner for customers in 34 stores are introduced. (J SainsburyPLC) Loyalty- Loyalty is a positive feeling that consumers may exhibit towards brands,services,stores,product,catgories, and activities. (Godson, Customer loyalty and Inovlement, 2008). Geniuine Loyalty and Repeat-buying behaviour-To distinguish between genuine loyalty and repeat-buying behaviour as organizations sometimes mistake that they have loyal customers but sometimes they may be repeat purchaser in the outlets. There are some reasons to support these (Godson, Customer loyalty and Inovlement, 2008) Lack of Choice- Some cases customers lack choice of options to use some services eg. Bus as a particular company bus may be operating through a particular route an no other companies would have introduced in the same route. Thus the individual may avail the same bus service not because of loyalty but because of convenience even though it may be expensive compared to its competitors but this company bus has monopoly in that bus route. Convenience-A customer may purchase from the nearby grocery outlet not due to loyalty but it being convenient for the individual. Lack of information or ignorance-Sometimes an individual shopping in one outlet like Sainsbury eg Chicken meat Slices of 400gm for one pound may purchase from Sainsbury itself with other items. Reason may be he is not aware about Netto offering Chicken meat slice of 410gm at the same price and more tasty. In such a situation the person is not informed about the alternative and would end up purchasing from the same store not because of loyalty. Customer Loyalty- To develop and maintain customer loyalty which represents a major contributing factor in a firms profitability. (Fulford, 2005).Some studies are of the opinion that customer loyalty positively influences and reduces on market cost and increases sales per customer.(Berry 1995). Loyalty and retailing-Earlier research shows retailing area concentrated mainly on behavioural aspects. However some studies shows little association between loyalty and socio economic status of the household. Customer Identification loyalty programs- Customers should be identified as an individual so that they can be reached directly and relationship can be established. Sainsbury in June 2002 introduced Reward for customers the Nectar Card. (East et al 1995, Mason,1991)Since then it has helped the company to know their customers and benefitting both the parties customer and the company. (Fulford, 2005).Loyalty schemes and programs are been introduced to increase frequency of sales and usage of products and secondly to retain customers base given expense of recruiting new customers and relatively profitability of loyal customers.(Uncles et al;2003).This manner customer loyalty could be increased and interest of using loyalty cards have taken place. Nectar Card introduced by Sainsbury- It was introduced on September 10, 2002. In grocery stores of Sainsbury this was a revolution brought in the loyalty programme. UKs four best known companies Sainsbury, Barclaycard, Debenhams and BP together created Nectar Card UKs most comphrensive reward programme. Extensive advertising on TV on all major channels was accompanied with press and outdoor advertising campaign. As per the extensive research conducted to cater consumer needs there are some features of Nectar programme listed. (Sainsbury, 2011) Choice- The nectar Card could be used to collect points not just for flights but to purchase groceries, in restaurants and for many other purposes. Speed-Nectar points could be earned by shopping at more than 1800 as participating outlets wherever individual shops does not make an individual wait for long number of years to collect enough points so as to claim their rewards. Simplicity-It is simple to use as one card, one points currency. Moreover this same card could be used in other stores like Barclays and customers purse would not bulge with number of loyalty cards and all the points collected would be in one card only. Ease-It is easy to use .The procedure is not complicated. Depending on what one individual wants to use points for Exchange points for Nectar voucher. Call Nectar direct or have points automatically deducted as and when the card is swiped. Huge Investment in Customer Loyalty since Launch of Nectar- On September 28,2009 Sainsbury had huge investment in customer loyalty since launch of Nectar. Pound multi million investment over 5 years Over 1 billion money saving coupons in store Staple everyday basics to help customers through economic downturn This major financial investment in a coupon scheme was to benefit 18.5 million customers retailers serve every week. The customer receive reward at the till with money-off coupons to make further purchase of branded and Sainsbury own brand products. (Sainsbury, 2011) Nectar Card took top spot in race for customers loyalty- More customers use Nectar card in comparison to other loyalty cards. The number of people using nectar card increased over 1million in making Nectar card scheme to be widely used across the country making it popular among customers. The reason being Nectar card widely been used by customers and the attraction for them to use it is because it has number of partners it is associated with. Recent growth in 2010 usage of Nectar card was driven by savvy shoppers who were wanting more of their money during recession. As said by Gwyn Burr, Sainsburys Customer Direct. There customers appreciate and have around 1million new card holders who have signed to take advantage of benefits. (J SainsburyPLC) Easy Jet joined Nectar- Recently on March13 2011 Easy jet joined Nectar loyalty programme. This new partnership created between UKs largest loyalty programme and UKs biggest airlines. This partnership enables Nectar collectors to exchange their nectar points for any easy jest flights in 550 destinations in 30 countries with no restrictions. An article published in The Sunday Times says Sainsbury Chief Justin King-Loyalty cards provide advantage as without loyalty schemes supermarkets are forced to make promotions for their customers as those without data are been drawn into more promotion as they lack sophisticated database. As in Sainsbury coupon at till scheme customers are specially targeted money-off vouchers (Robert, 2010). Internal and External Relationships marketing Internal Relationship Marketing- The vital role played by employees in customer satisfaction has become distinct clear. (Godson, Background and theory, 2008)According to Gummesson E.2002, creating relationships between the management and employee and functions is the aim of internal marketing within relationship marketing. The employees should be given training so that they can serve customers in a manner which would increase the goodwill of the company and consequently develop in having external contacts and tools for external marketing. The employees when treated well this would motivate them to serve the customers. Sainsbury employees are recruited and the staff are treated without any discrimination. Focus to deal with candidates with Equality and Diversity policy at all times. Sainsbury attach Human Resource development to cope up with environment changes not only including the training cost but also investment cost. The policies for Sainsbury disabled people are such that which does not discriminate them from other employees rather gives them an edge and treats them with equality. External Relationship Marketing- . Communication Tools- Traditional communication tools like to sell by attracting attention, promote and persuade prior of making sales. There are two aspects like Asking-To elicit from consumers and buyers to understand their need of the product .Telling-To inform them all the aspects of the product making them aware helping to decide, persuade for acceptance and prompt purchase action.(i.e selling the product to increase level of business and accelerate diffusion of process) (J.Varey,2002) Example of Marketing Communication PERSONAL IMPERSONAL Formal Market Research focus group Market dominated advertising. Informal Consumer dominates face-to-face conversion. Internet chat room Other tools of Communication- Advertising- Making customers aware and delays affect on sales due to learning curve of customers.Sainsbury does extensive advertsing.Sainsbury target shoppers while they are in buying mode.It has effective communication with its customers through advertisments Publicity-Contionous effort made to make other communications credible.Campaigns of Sainsbury does include proof of posting and research available.They capture both point of sale and point of purchase opportunity. Personal selling- Immediate effect on sales. Sales Promotion E-marketing Direct Marketing- Sainsbury does more of direct marketing to reach its target customers.The channel used to reach its customers is through website (Sainsbury.co.uk), advertising through the stores which are widespread acrros UK.The promotion tool used by them is Nectar Card to reward its loyal customers for the purchases made by them. Recommendations- Sainsbury should concentrate on how to lower the price compared to its competitor which wins more of the customers is due to maintain equilibrium between price and quality. Sainsbury concentrates more on food for the food lovers.As consumers nowdays have many options availaible like cheap tasty take-aways and restaurants offering them excellent ambience these would be threat for sainsbury food business.Therefore they should develop their array of product options more to offer customers. Sainsbury should do wider research so that it is successful in understanding its consumers. (n.d.). Retrieved april 3, 2001, from http://www.essaycoursework.com/modelanswer/business/essays/communications-sainsbury-retailer.php (n.d.). Retrieved april 07, 2011, from http://www.essaycoursework.com/modelanswer/business/essays/communications-sainsbury-retailer.php (2005). Retrieved April 10, 2011, from Gateway for India: www.gatewayforindia.com/technology/CRM.htm (2007, october 27). Retrieved march 07, 2011, from Talking Retail-Hub for grocery retail: www.talkingretail.com Adebanjo, D. (2001). Understanding customer satisfaction-a UK food industry case study. British food Journal , 36-45. Adebanjo, D. (2001). Understanding customer satisfaction-Uk food industry case study. British food Journal , 37. Adebanjo, D. (2001). Understanding Customer Satisfaction-Uk food industry Case study. British Food Journal , 36. Egan, J. (2008). Internal Partnerships. In J. Egan, Relationship Marketing:Exploring Relational Strategies in Marketing (p. 174). PEARSON EDUCATION. Fulford, M. R. (2005). Loyalty transfer from Offline to online stores in the Uk grocery industry. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management (Vol-6), 444-446. Godson, M. (2008). Background and theory. In M. Godson, Relationship Marketing (p. 17). Oxford Press. Godson, M. (2008). Customer loyalty and Inovlement. In M. Godson, Relationship Marketing (p. 102). Oxford Press. Godson, M. (2008). External Relationships. In M. Godson, Relationship Marketing (p. 205). Oxford Press. Handen, L. (2000). Putting CRM to Work. In S. A. BROWN, CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT (p. 8). JOHN WILEY SONS CANANDA LTD. J SainsburyPLC. (n.d.). Retrieved april 11, 2011, from http://www.j-sainsbury.com/cr/index.asp?pageid=59 J.Varey, R. (n.d.). Retrieved from Google Books. Jenkinson, A., Sain, B. (2003, May 15). Sainsburs Little Ones. Retrieved april 07, 2011, from Stepping-Stones: www.stepping-stones.org Kollewe, J. (2010, may 13). guardian.co.uk. Retrieved april 03, 2011, from guardian.co.uk: http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2010/may/13/sainsburys-boss-fears-vat-rise-under-new-government News, S. (2011, January 17). Developingthe customer relationship to win in 2011. Retrieved april 12, 2011, from IGD Retail Analysis: www.igd.com/analysis/hub Reed, F. a. (2008). External Relationships. In M. Godson, Relationship Marketing (p. 205). Oxford Press. Robert, M. L. (2010, march 14). Loyalty cards provide advantage. Retrieved april 09, 2011, from www.businesstimeonline.co.uk Sainsbury. (2011). J Sainsbury plc. Retrieved april 11, 2011, from J Sainsbury plc : www.j-sainsbury.com Sainsburyselects Teradata Warehouse and CRM solutions. (2001, june 19). DS star . Walton, X. a. (2008). CRM. In M. Godson, Relationship Marketing (p. 141). Oxford University Press

The Habit Of Identity :: essays research papers

<a href="http://www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknin's Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web Sites In a famous experiment, students were asked to take a lemon home and to get used to it. Three days later, they were able to single out â€Å"their† lemon from a pile of rather similar ones. They seemed to have bonded. Is this the true meaning of love, bonding, coupling? Do we simply get used to other human beings, pets, or objects? Habit forming in humans is reflexive. We change ourselves and our environment in order to attain maximum comfort and well being. It is the effort that goes into these adaptive processes that forms a habit. The habit is intended to prevent us from constant experimenting and risk taking. The greater our well being, the better we function and the longer we survive. Actually, when we get used to something or to someone – we get used to ourselves. In the object of the habit we see a part of our history, all the time and effort that we put into it. It is an encapsulated version of our acts, intentions, emotions and reactions. It is a mirror reflecting back at us that part in us, which formed the habit. Hence, the feeling of comfort: we really feel comfortable with our own selves through the agency of the object of our habit. Because of this, we tend to confuse habits with identity. If asked WHO they are, most people will resort to describing their habits. They will relate to their work, their loved ones, their pets, their hobbies, or their material possessions. Yet, all of these cannot constitute part of an identity because their removal does not change the identity that we are seeking to establish when we enquire WHO someone is. They are habits and they make the respondent comfortable and relaxed. But they are not part of his identity in the truest, deepest sense. Still, it is this simple mechanism of deception that binds people together. A mother feels that her off spring are part of her identity because she is so used to them that her well being depends on their existence and availability. Thus, any threat to her children is interpreted to mean a threat on her Self. Her reaction is, therefore, strong and enduring and can be recurrently elicited. The truth, of course, is that her children ARE a part of her identity in a superficial manner.

DJ Scratch Info :: essays research papers

Turntablism - The art of manipulating/restructuring previously existing phonograph recordings to produce new, musically creative combinations of sounds using turntables and a mixer. Hamster Style - Normally a DJ setup would be configured with the right turntable playing on the right channel of the mixer and the left turntable playing on the left channel of the mixer. With a hamster style setup, however, the opposite is true. The right turntable plays through the left channel, and the left turntable plays through the right channel. Many DJs find it more comfortable to scratch hamster style since to do many moves it is easier to bounce the fader off of the side of the fader slot using your multiple fingers rather than your thumb. Personally I think that hamster style seems more conducive to flaring and doing continuous crabs. DJ members of the Bullet Proof Scratch Hamsters/Space Travellers crew are most commonly recognized as the first DJs to practice/demonstrate this style thus giving it the nickname "hamster" style. There are two ways to achieve this mixer configuration. One is to physically hook your turntables up to the opposite channels where they c ome into the back of your mixer, and the other is with a hamster switch. Normally a hamster switch only reverses your crossfader's configuration, while physically reversing your turntable cables reverses the crossfader and volume faders' configuration. Hamster Switch - A switch on a mixer that reverses the crossfader without reversing the volume faders so that you can scratch hamster style without physically hooking up the turntables to different channels on the back of the mixer. Baby Scratch - The simplest of scratches, the baby scratch is performed without the use of the crossfader by simple moving the record back and forth. A simple example would be one forward stroke, and one backward stroke (or vice versa) in sequence. Forward and Backward Scratches - Forward and backward scratches are also fairly simple scratches but unlike the baby scratch they are performed using the fader to cut the sound in and out. As an example, to perform 2 forward scratches you would just do two baby scratches with your record hand using your fader hand to cut the sound in when you move the record forward both times and out while you're pulling the record back both times so that all you hear are the 2 forward strokes.

Essentialism and Social Reconstructionism Essay -- Education Teaching

Essentialism and Social Reconstructionism The field of study that I chose to go into is Elementary Education. For the past two summers, I have participated in the AmeriCorps Energy Express program and I can honestly say the experiences I have with this program are very enlightening and valuable to my ideas and conceptions about being an educator. Through Energy Express, I came up with my own theory. Any mind seeks to always place its limits and boundaries around that which they do not fully understand. It seems that all concepts and ideas must be placed in this little box for all others to comprehend and follow. The same holds true for philosophies of education. There are countless numbers of ways that educators go about teaching their students, however, six have been singled out and dissected to death. Along with most other education majors pertaining to their philosophies, I too cannot seem to find one single one to encompass all of my beliefs and desires that I hold for teaching my future students. However, ho lding true to my assigned task, it appears that of the six major philosophies, I more closely agree with and can relate to those of Essentialism and Social Reconstructionism. The traditional family as we know it, over the years, has taken numerous setbacks resulting in many children and young adults entering life and school with a very â€Å"unstable foundation†. People ask, â€Å"By whose morals and values are you going to teach these students?† Despite today’s beliefs, there are necessary morals and values out there that everyone should observe. Whether people are offended or not, the qualities that I will teach have in the past and still today proven worthy by building strong families, communities,... ...ssibilities, because I do not want to hold back or restrict any opportunities that may come my way. Once I have settled into my teaching career, I plan to further my education by going for my master’s degree in education. The only reason I see myself going for my master’s degree is the increased competition, many educators have already or are in the process of getting theirs. I believe that once I set my standards for teaching, I will let no further education make me feel as if I am above my students. In order for them to learn, I can never be above them. Teaching is the simple task of transmitting one’s knowledge to another. What I can do as a teacher is to help my students to leave knowing that anything can be learned, and anything can be accomplished. If the desire to learn and work for something is evident, any task can be challenged and overcome.

Healthcare Management Essay

When creating a strategic business plan, one of the most important analysis tools that can help management identify areas that need improvement and the areas that are strong and already beneficial to the company is a SWOT analysis. Using this tool management can determine the parts of a business that may need more of their time and resources in order to outcome obstacles that may prevent growth. In this paper, we will create a SWOT analysis for our fictitious company Vandalay Healthcare Inc. Strategic Healthcare Plan A SWOT analysis is a tool that can be used by management to measure or audit the organization as a whole. SWOT is an acronym for the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats by internal and external that can effect and hinder a company in various ways. Using the SWOT analysis a company can learn to identify the parts of a business that are helping the business grow and the same analysis can identify areas where the business can make improvements (Marketing Teacher, 2012). The greatest distinguished features that management should include when creating a SWOT analysis is, where the business is today and where it hopes to be in the future, and the analysis should be subjective and specific, the most effective analysis are short and direct. The SWOT that was created for the fictitious company, Vandalay Healthcare Inc., is as follows: SWOT Analysis Vandalay Healthcare Inc. The goals for Vandalay Healthcare Inc., as defined in the company’s mission and vision statements is to become one of the most successful company’s in the field of Certified Life Care Planning, and also to build the company to maintain a certain level of integrity. The external and internal environments that would directly affect this company can possibly cause the company to become in financial trouble at some point, since the knowledge of the field is expanding and the threats of medical advancements could hinder the need for this type of business, the company can be tempted to cut corners. However, by instilling the vision and mission statement the company was founded and expanded on, the possibilities to allow this type of behavior can decrease by over 75%. A continuous improvement plan is defined as a process that continues to bring gradual change to a business (O’Hara, 2012). In the development of the continuous improvement plan the company must first decide where they plan on going in the future. For Vandalay Healthcare Inc., the company has already established the desire to be one of the best CLCP types of companies in existence. The best way to achieve this is by evaluating the outcome measures for the company. The outcomes are specifically the results achieved by the interaction of the patient/client and the business (Mireles, n.d.). To measure the outcomes Vandalay Healthcare Inc., will provide survey cards to be completed by clients, which will be done on an anonymous basis. By allowing the clients/patients to complete the surveys on an anonymous basis, the company can indicate the areas in the service sector that may have issues as well as eliminate any gaps that can occur in the performance areas of a business. The vision and mission statements for Vandalay Healthcare Inc. are as follows: In the next few years, Vandalay Healthcare Inc. will have succeeded in establishing a name for itself within the field of Certified Life Care Planner by being an honest organization that focuses 100% on patient care. And the mission statement for Vandalay Healthcare Inc., is: âž ¢Patient Care Mission – to provide the best care to every patient regardless of the ethnic, cultural, or demographic background âž ¢Community Mission – provide support within the community by providing honest medical care âž ¢Economic Mission – operate and grow the organization at a profitable rate through sound economic decisions The SWOT analysis and the continuous improvement plan are both focusing on the constant improvement of patient care. Our company’s mission and vision statements are both also directly focused on the patient care. The company’s service strategy is related to the environment of the facility itself. The environment includes the employees, having the proper training and the company being adequately staffed to accommodate clients in a timely and professional manner. And the setting and following guidelines set forth by government agencies to ensure the moral and ethical standards of the company are higher then the others, as to set Vandalay Healthcare Inc. on a different level then similar companies within the same industry. By adhering to each of these goals, such as the mission statement, the vision statement and the intended service strategy, Vandalay Healthcare Inc. can set new standards within the healthcare industry, and this can be beneficial to the healthcare organization as a whole be causing other agencies to also raise the quality of care their patients may currently receive. Reference: Marketing Teacher. (2012). SWOT Analysis. Retrieved on July 8, 2012, from http://www.marketingteacher.com/lesson-store/lesson-swot.html Mireles, Sandra. (n.d.). How to Measure Outcomes & Evaluations. Retrieved on July 8, 2012, from http://www.ehow.com/how_6578817_measure-outcomes-evaluations.html O’Hara, Jane. (2012). How to Develop a Continuous Improvement Plan. Retrieved on July 8, 2012, from http://www.ehow.com/how_8054214_develop-continuous-improvement-plan.html

A Whole New Mind

Pink has presented sharp scientific evidence in his book A Whole New Mind that comes as common knowledge to the majority of us in our society. He also stressed the several capabilities of right-brain thinking such as creativity, artistry, empathy, inventiveness, and overall big picture viewpoints. I noticed that Pink failed to mention any historical aspects before the 1900’s. For example; during the European Renaissance numerous right-brain thinking characters sprouted with many ideas for the world. These characters include painters, sculptors, inventors, musicians, and writers all across Europe. We all know, however, that the European Renaissance came and went. What will this new Conceptual Age produce differently than the faded right-dominance of the European Renaissance years? Looking back in time between the years of 1400-1550 the geniuses of this world contributed to the life we live in now. I only say this because if they weren’t important to our society today than we wouldn’t have had to learn about them during our high school years or even our college years. A brilliant inventor, painter, musician, and mathemation Leonardo da Vinci is one man who seems to have a great grasp of life in all his talents. He along with many other philosophers of that era seemed to fit the description of what I feel Pink suggests we should obtain throughout our lives to be successful and to lead our life in a way to help not only our generation but for the generations after ours as well. As we have studied in countless texts in high school about the several factors for the downfall of the European Renaissance and the complications after that time we should feel troubled to once again attempt to shift our minds. Right-brain thinking is an aged solution. Pink’s proposal is one we have already gone through but is introduced in a business-like manner unlike the European Renaissance. How are we supposed to know that the Conceptual Age will not increase the desire to create machines that will replace the art industry, so that beauty can be drawn in an instant? I think that Pink’s transition solution from the Information Age to the Conceptual Age should be revised to explain more of what he has missed in his book that had me puzzled.